Comparing Father and Child Relationships in Death of a...

Father and Child Relationships in Death of a Salesman and A View from the Bridge In literature as in life, we go through events which are the effects of the relationships between parent and child. In both plays Death of a Salesman and A View from the Bridge, Arthur Miller depicts the possessiveness of human nature through the eyes of Willy Loman and Eddie Carbone. Willy and his son Biff exhibit an undoubtable strain in their relationship. Willy gives all his dreams to Biff in hope that he will carry on or create success for himself. Eddie wants the best for his niece, Catherine, but is unaware of his over protectiveness which in actuality is an element much more repelling. The relationships between father and child†¦show more content†¦According to Bruno Leone, Biff and Willys relationship is bedeviled by guilt. Willy feels responsible for Biffs failure. But Biff equally feels guilty because he recognizes a responsibility which he cannot fulfill, the responsibility to redeem Willys life.(126) After Biff saw Willy with the woman in the Boston Hotel, Biff never forgave him. Willy felt that it was because of his affair with the woman that ruined Biffs chance at a university. Willys guilt causes him to feel more responsible for Biff. Because of his guilt, he wants to make sure that Biff is successful and receives a rewarding career. Therefore, Willy, put blame on himself when Biff could not succeed or reach his own expectations. Biff was always aware of his own potential and what career he would succeed at. He was aware that he could never fulfill his fathers hopes. I say I know who I am!...Im a dime a dozen...Im not bringing home any prizes any more, and youre going to stop waiting for me to bring them home!(Miller, DOS 132) Biff feels some guilt in not being able to allow Willy to have true pride. Biff may be aware that the only reason Willy is so proud of him is because of love. Yet in certain cases Biff denounces Willy because of hate. Willy will not accept the fact that Biff is nothing more than average. ...reconciled by Biffs epitaph on his father: He had the wrong dreams, allShow MoreRelatedAnalysis on Conversation Features. Differenfes Between British and American English16034 Words   |  65 Pagesanalyze conversational features and discover if there are any differences between American and British English. In order to achieve our aim, we have selected as a corpus two chapters of di stinct TV series: The first one from the American series ‒Six Feet Under‒ and the other one from the British series – Teachers. Our corpus contains approximately 12000 words, each script having around 6000 words. Both series belong to comedy genre, with adult characters of similar age and social status. 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You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’ British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress CataloguingRead MoreIncome Taxation Solutions Manual 1 300300 Words   |  1202 PagesC-1 Copyright  © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. capital gain deduction of $750,000. Although Court will be subject to further taxation when dividends are paid to him from the corporation, double taxation will not occur to the extent that income consists of business income below $500,000 annually or investment income. This results from the application of the dividend tax credit and a refund of a portion of the corporate taxes on investment income. This is demonstrated below. Business Income SubjectRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesBrothers Cover Printer: Leghigh-Phoenex Color Text Font: 10/12, Times Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within the text. Microsoft ® and Windows ® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. Screen shots and icons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft CorporationRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pageswell-known successes. While mistakes provide valuable learning insights, we can also learn from successes and find nuggets by comparing the unsuccessful with the successful. With the addition of Google and Starbucks, we have moved Entrepreneurial Adventures up to the front of the book. We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks of firms iii iv †¢ Preface rising from adversity. I have also brought back Ethical Mistakes, because I believe that organizations

The Health Care System Of The United States - 1753 Words

United States is the richest country in the world, yet when it comes to the health care of its Citizens it is ranked at number 37. One may wonder why that is, considering we have modern hospitals, sophisticated equipment, well-educated physicians and nurses and plenty of medications, The medical research conducted here is huge both for new medications and for the diseases like cancer, aids, diabetics, heart disease you name it, it’s all done here as there is enough funding, good facilities and great minds than any other nation in the world. Despite all the medical resources at our disposal, the present health care system is inefficient and does not quite meet the needs of many people in this great nation. While there has been some attempts to fix health care in the past by some of the presidents Like President Clinton, some politicians and insurance companies who are against health care reform, lobby against it and make sure it does not pass the senate. When President Obama took office in 2007 he vowed to fix the health care system despite a lot of opposition and in March 23rd 2010 the Affordable care act also known as Obama Care was signed into law. It consists of two pieces of legislation; the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). It represents the most significant government expansion and overhaul of the U.S health care system since the passage of Medicare and Medical in 1965. There are various reasons as to whyShow MoreRelatedThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pages 1.) Briefly describe the US Health Care system. Identify the people, professionals and organizations that have something to say about how health care is delivered -- and paid for -- in the US. The Health Care System in the United States is provided by many organizations. The Healthcare facilities are largely owned by private sector businesses. A large part of community hospitals are non-profit and government owned, and only a small percent is for profit. The non-profit hospitals include 60 toRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States1218 Words   |  5 PagesCurrently, The United States sits as the thirty-sixth best nation at delivering effective healthcare, and yet the US does so at over $8,200 per capita, more than two and half times the OECD average. This creates and incredibly paradoxical circumstance where â€Å"the most powerful, most innovative, and richest country [on] the plant† delivers on average one of the worst healthcare results among developed countries (Reid 28). Several countries including Canada, England, the Netherlands, France, and GermanyRead MoreUnited States Health Care System1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S health care system, in 2012, cost around 2.6 trillion dollars and is expected to rise to about 4.8 trillion dollars in 2021, if nothing is done to repair the issue. To further illustrate, America is the only wealthy and industrialized country in the world to not have universal health care. Yet, many still believe that the United States may become a communist nation if health care is provided to all. They still believe that it will perhaps send it into an economical crisis. However, theRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1190 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care in the United States has evolved throughout the years. This evolution has lead to groundbreaking findings and understand, benefiting to not only America, but other countries. However, along with all of the great achievements, there comes some consequences, social issues. The United States health care system comes with social issues that includes inequality, cost, and health insurance. Major social inequalities that have a major effect on how a person is treated are their social classRead MoreThe United States Health Care System817 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States Health Care System has undergone some drastic changes over the past few years. It is almost unrecognizable when we try to compare and contrast the growth and evolution; with physicians with no formal standard requirements such as licensing or even training to now being one of the hardest programs to enter. From private house being used as hospital settings with no type of formal reimbursement or insurance; to having hospitals now so luxurious, that they can be mistaking as fiveRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesThe rapidly growing baby boomer patient population is reshaping caregiving in the United States. The medical community is grappling with the many changes designed to manage the increased demand, such as how providers receive payments and deli ver services. As American care providers navigate the baby boomer patient era, talent demand is increasing and shifting from hospitals to long-term facilities. The Rapid Senior Patient Population Expansion Caregiving institutions are bracing for an influx ofRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1369 Words   |  6 Pagesplans for the United States health care system. The United States health care system has been in need of adjustment for years, with prices being paid over double per capita compared to other countries. While they have some similar views on current issues, there are drastic differences in the candidates’ ideas for change. To begin, Bernie Sanders, a Democratic candidate, believes that health care in the United States is a human right regardless of a person’s income. 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In 2012, over 47 million people were un-insured and millions were under-insured⠁ ´. The cost of health care is rising at least twice as fast as the rate of economic growth. Maj or companies are passing more of the cost ofRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of the Affordable Care Act â€Å"Obama Care† made the Health Care System in the United States better or worse? Please provide evidence, statistics, information, argument to support your answer. In your answer, please address the following issues in the Health Care System of the United States: 1. The Quality of health care 2. The Access to health care 3. The affordability of health care Affordable Health Care Act Affordable Health care has been an ongoing issue

Entrepreneurship and Its Economic Significance †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Its Economic Significance. Answer: Introduction: Strata titled property is actually the best choice following its many distinct pros compared to the freestanding houses (Cassidy Guilding, 2007). Strata titled property is more of a larger dwelling or complex than just freestanding dwellings. Its major advantages include: (1) Its price with respect to the land costs quite less unlike buying a house, therefore, offering affordability. (2) The strata titled properties have a general upkeep that is considered through its levies. They have a legal entity purposely meant to take care of major repairs within the property (Carrington Bradshaw, 2009). This is of help to the property owners since the money is paid every quarterly to ensure the property is in good shape (Cassidy Guilding, 2007). (3) With regards to the fact that this kind of property is cheaper unlike the houses, it attracts most customers raising its demand, which further equates it to a capital growth in the years to come. (4) The strata buildings also create a sense of c ommunity and security, reducing cases of burglary and theft. Finally, (5) the bank lending rules favor these kinds of properties, and thus, it is easy to be financed depending on the suburb with 95 percent loan to value ratio. Additionally, according to the Home Buyers Association (HBA), the strata titles are the kind of property that investors should consider, purchase, keep and preserve, since: first, they can prove as an ultimate sense of ownership. Second, the strata titles are dealing instruments when charging for loans from financial institutions. Lastly, the property can be sold without paying any consent fees to the developer, provided the building is well-maintained. Moreover, investing in strata titles can yield good returns to the investor (Carrington Bradshaw, 2009). This can be calculated by measuring the operating return with no reference to financing. After that, the leverage and financing effects are added, and finally, the expected capital gain over the entire life is also added. Its capital gains are just slightly above inflation. In this case, you can start with what is saved for rent, then subtract the operating cost including the lumpy purchases, which results to the normalized operating cash flow. Finally, the percentage of operating return results from dividing the net yearly income by the total cost of property. As rent increases with time, the dollar value of the cash flow also rises. For instance, as financial institutions like banks grow, their stock values also increase and so is their dividend. If there is a stable 5% stock dividend from a bank, this will remain at the 5% price of stock even if the bank, the stock value and t he dividend grow. Afterwards, the owner will be in a position to realize a 5% plus the capital gains with time. Since the demand for rental accommodation is not yet reflected in the buying prices, it can actually be a good time to purchase in this area. This is so because the selling price may be higher compared to the rents, and therefore, raising the capital appreciation (Kemeny, 2005). The operating return may be high or low even at 8% or 2% respectively, but this could be simply because the areas with higher increases in the prices of the house may result to lower returns, and the other way round. On the other hand, leverage will amplify the returns of the property. Of course, the use of either cash or mortgage to pay for the assets has no effect (Rosenberg Rusert, 2014). However, with the basic understanding of leverage and the calculated operating return in mind, if the percentage debt is higher than the percentage operating return, then the net operating return becomes negative for the part of the debt. You should be comfortable with the calculated average return which may at times discourage most investors. For instance, with the calculated operating return of 5%, the mortgage rate of 7% and 75% finance for the purchase will have a 0.5% loss each year. That is, (25% * 5%) + (75% * neg2%) = 0.5% loss, which may only be recovered from the final capital gains (Rosenberg Rusert, 2014). All the attention is particularly on the capital gains even though most times the operating returns show most benefits. By illustration, it is precisely evident that strata titles are products that have had a tremendous increase in demand, as well as, the transaction volumes (Fisher McPhail, 2014). For instance, in this case, it is clearly shown that between 2013 and 2015, there was this increase transaction volumes starting from $80,000,000 to $120,000,000. This growing trend is enough to make the business owners to pursue the objective of purchasing a strata property. Their low interest rates and high leverages automatically make this investment attractive. Therefore, it is an investment that can yield spectacular results. Of course, this cannot be an opportunity to lose. I possess good negotiation skills that will definitely make Peter go for the purchase. These skills include but not limited to being sunk-cost conscious, prudent, overconfident, ignorant to the problem, strong in confirming evidence, among many others. The fact that Peter had given in to purchasing the property is enough to make him not change his mind simply because of the cost which he finally realizes is much more than what he had expected to use. He has to stick to his decision which he may have probably invested so much in, that he cannot afford to abandon or opt for something different. Besides, just like many managers resist reflection before action, I would also do the same. Reflection on the problem is just a waste of time as it requires too much work to be done. Therefore, looking at the issues at hand may make Peter lose a good opportunity. He should just focus and be booted to take his journey. With these kinds of negotiation skills, I would practically ensure the sale proceeds by considering several options. First, review of the contract of sale can automatically make the buyer go ahead with the initial decision of purchasing the building. The contract could include: (1) a zoning certificate from the local council; (2) documents that show other registered interests over the strata titles; and (3) the title to the property according to the Land Title Office. Asking to see the contract of sale just for once can be something good and the promising facts in them can prove acceptable and convincing to the buyer to purchase the building. Second, the issue of cost which is a worry to Peter should not be anything to make him withdraw from his previous decision. The accountant talks of only $325,000 which is quite a smaller amount than what he had expected he would be able to use. However, his anticipated amount is not different by far from what the accountant releases. They only have a difference of $50,000 which Peter can borrow from any financial institution since it is not too much and cannot have an absurd interest payment. Besides, the returns of investing in this kind of property are huge, as the volumes are likely to grow each year depending with demand (Nederveen Pieterse Dasgupta, 2009). Being that there is a high demand of rental accommodation in this area of Jonesville at this particular time because of the increasing population and being a new area with a new shopping center, then it can automatically result to big volumes. As a corollary, the returns can help in repaying the liabilities as fast as possibl e, even within a month or two, after which life continues as usual. Aside from that, the price range is definitely something not to worry about. Peter can consider paying for the property in two installments and start earning immediately from the units. After all what is left after he gets the whole amount from his accountant is quite small compared to what he can afford to pay. The other amount can be paid on the settlement period, which is usually after a month or after six weeks. However, if the buyer does not have this whole amount at this time, then the lender can do this on his behalf. This is the period when he can also get another chance to ensure the property is in the same state as it was initially when he agreed to purchase it, and the agreed inclusions are also there (Brunet, 2014). If this is not the case, then the buyer is allowed to withdraw from the contract and even ask for the refund. The amount spent on buying the strata home unit should not be anything regrettable (Bhargava, 2008). After the purchase, the buyer can also start looking for insurance since he becomes the owner of the property after the exchange of the contract. In this case, the buyer and the conveyancer will have to sit and arrange a Certificate of Currency from the insurer of the Body Corporates (Bhargava, 2008). Once the property is adequately insured then there will be no chance of loss or fear of loss. References Bhargava, S. (2008). Entrepreneurial Management. Los Angeles: Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd. Brunet, R. (2014). HOME Sweet HOME. Western Hotelier, 38(2), 20-26. Carrington, P. T., Bradshaw, M. V. (2009). Entrepreneurship and Its Economic Significance, Behavior and Effects. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Cassidy, K., Guilding, C. (2007). Tourist accommodation price setting in Australian strata titled properties. International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 26(2), 277-292. Fisher, R., McPhail, R. (2014). Residents' Experiences in Condominiums: A Case Study of Australian Apartment Living. Housing Studies, 29(6), 781-799. Kemeny, J. (2005). The Really Big Trade?Off between Home Ownership and Welfare: Castles' Evaluation of the 1980 Thesis, and a Reformulation 25 Years on. Housing, Theory Society, 22(2), 59-75. Nederveen Pieterse, J., Dasgupta, S. (2009). Politics of Globalization. Los Angeles: Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd. Rosenberg, J., Rusert, B. (2014). Framing Finance. Radical History Review, (118), 64-91.

Good Faith Bargaining free essay sample

The key provisions relating to good faith bargaining obligations under FWA 2009- Section 228(1) mandate bargaining representatives for enterprise agreement to meet the under-listed requirements in order to ascertain that bargaining are done in good faith. * Attend and participate in meetings at reasonable times * Disclose relevant information but not confidential or commercially sensitive information in a timely manner. * Give genuine consideration to the proposals made by other bargaining representatives, and give reason to the responses made to those proposals. Recognize and bargain with the other bargaining representatives * Refrain from unfair conduct that undermines freedom of association or collective bargaining * Respond to proposals made by other bargaining representatives in a timely manner However, Section 228(2) says that, good faith bargaining requirements do not require a bargaining representative to make concessions during bargaining for the agreement and also to reach agreement on the terms that are to be included in the agreement. The good faith bargaining obligations are given force by ability of the bargaining representative to apply to FWA under Section 229 for bargaining order, in situations where another bargaining representative has not met any of the good faith bargaining requirements of section 228(1). The Good Faith Bargaining obligation will take effect as soon as an employer initiates negotiations for an enterprise agreement, or more likely agree to the union’s request to begin bargaining or when a majority support determination or a low paid authorization is made by FWA. That is, bargaining begins when an employer agrees to bargain for an enterprise agreement with its employees. In a situation where majority of the employees support the making of an agreement, bargaining representative can apply to Fair Work Australia for a determination mandating the employer to bargain. The determination will be approved where it is glaring employees want to bargain, those that constitute majority voters have been fairly chosen, but the employer refused to bargain. Employees and Unions are allowed under Australia law to take a protected industrial action in support of their claims in enterprise agreement negotiations and employer may engage in retaliatory lockout (Crystal 2009, pp. 23). However, several routine and substantive requirements must be met before such industrial action is taken and the party seeking to take it has been really trying to reach agreement with the other part, although, they are legally separated but are related requirement to the GFB obligations. While FWA has indicated that the right of employees to take industrial action and employer’s right to retaliatory lockout should not be conflated in practice, similar consideration arise when FWA is determining whether a negotiating party has been genuinely trying to reach agreement and whether a party is bargaining in good faith (Smith 2009). NIGERIA COLLECTIVE BARGAINING In the same vein, ratification of ILO Convention No. 98 of 1949 on the Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining has given workers the right to join or form trade unions in Nigeria. Nigeria is known for the use of collective bargaining in her enterprise agreement. The provision for collective bargaining was made under the Labor Act Cap 198 of the Federation Laws in 1990. The term â€Å"Collective bargaining† was defined by Nigeria Labor Act, as the process of arriving or attempting to arrive at a collective agreement, while collective agreement is term to be written agreement regarding working conditions and terms of employment agreed upon between a union of workers or an organization representing workers and an organization of employers. The end result of this exercise is that both parties will unanimously agree on certain employment’s terms and conditions. When bargaining is done in good faith, it’s eventually leads to agreement between employer and employees which often result to social order in their relationship (Erugo 1998, p. 33). Nigeria Labor Congress (NLC) is the most prominent labor union in Nigeria that often educates, defend and advance the political, economic, social and cultural rights of Nigerian employees. The functions of collective bargaining includes the provision for peaceful settlement of grievances and disputes arising from interpretation of collective agreement, or areas that are not included in the agreement, it’s also to establish industrial jurisprudence and to win concessions from the employer by collective action (Fashoyin 1992). However, to collectively bargain in Nigeria context requires the preparation of comprehensive statement of demands put forward by the union representing workers for the consideration of the employer. Following by the negotiation process where union and the employers’ association finally meet on the appointed date and venue for negotiation. In the national context, the meeting is usually chaired by employers’ group with the union’s President as his vice chairman. The employer do prepare their own positions and counter proposals for each of the union’s demand. For each position taken reasons are site as evidence. Results are normally unpredictable because decisions are only arrived at when there is unanimous agreement between employees and employer. Collective bargaining practices in Nigeria ranges from; national, state, enterprise and industrial collective bargaining, but the most practice one in the country is the industrial bargaining which is concerned with negotiation and agreement in the industries. Collective bargaining is an acknowledged mechanism for determining wage levels and work’s conditions in Nigeria, the often assumption of trade union in determining collective bargaining outcome makes it to be in a state of instability. EVALUATION OF NIGERIA AND AUSTRALIA BARGAINING SYSTEMS Despite the right to organize to bargain collectively in Nigeria, employees are not fully availed with this right, as unionism and collective bargaining are disallowed in several jurisdictions based on the perception that unrestricted unionism may threaten the internal security of the state (Adams 2008, 165-172) . It’s also evident that private sectors in Nigeria have taken over the public sector with wage superiority and low involvement of their workers in trade union movement. While the multinational corporations also dominate Nigeria’s private sectors and they are known for anti-union activities by not tolerating trade unionism and collective bargaining since the inception of trade union in Nigeria (Okafor and Bode 2005). Nigeria government often take care the duty of tax wage fixation instead of allowing collective bargaining to play this role, this contributes to the inactive states of collective bargaining in the country. However, the situation of compelling all wages agreement to be registered with the Ministry of Labor who decides the effectiveness of the agreement shows a level of restriction in Nigeria’s collective bargaining. Most Nigerian states intervene in collective bargaining especially when they provide the job and source of finances, for example, government regulates the commercial and physical environment of higher institutions by formulating educational policies, provides services and stipulates conditions of service for staff. This often results to crisis in industrial relations as it’s perceived to be an attempt by government to compelled labor to take to its directives, instead of allowing collective bargaining to take its course (Ekpenyong 1989). However, several studies had shown that workers are often maltreated as employers deny their employees the right to unionize. The prevention of most employees in the banking industries by their employers to join workers union is a typical example of the major setback confronting collective bargaining in Nigeria (Adewumi 2008). The setbacks in Nigeria system is however different from that of Australia good faith bargaining which gives room for bargaining of wages and work condition to take place between employer and employees or trade union, but must not negotiate for anything below the standard stipulated in the National Employment Standard( NES). Obligation to disclose information relevant to collective bargaining widely creates a significant problems for Australia workers due to the fact that the Fair Work Act fail to give a proper definition of the kind of information to be provided , nor what is meant by confidential or commercially sensitive information that may be withhold. The decision of Whelan C in AFMEPKIU V H Heinz Co Australia Ltd [2009] FWA 322 was the first to indicate that strict limits on direct dealing will not form part of Australia’s Good Faith Bargaining laws. Sequel, there is nothing to prevent either the union or the company from canvassing the views of employees on shift hour. Widespread communication is must be encouraged, not regulated or monopolized because communication with staff is a good management practice. Employers in Australia can make out a business case for re-organizing its operations; they can implement a restructure while agreement negotiations are in existence and not be in breach of the GFB obligations under the Fair Work Act. Direct dealing and communication with employees is another area of advantage to Australia bargaining system. Drake SDP’s recommendation in AFMEPKIU Vs Transfield Astralia Pty Ltd. [2009] FWA 93 states that, Transfield will deal with all officers and delegates of the bargaining agent representatives who are authorized by their organizations to conduct negotiation. This requires that all interaction, communication and correspondence in bargaining be conducted through the parties chosen representatives. This method of bargaining was seen to be partially accurate in Australia because it doesn’t facilitate good rapport between the employer and the employee. FWA later availed employers the right to communicate directly with employees during bargaining. However, the tribunal has prevented direct dealing in form of unilateral pay increases, progress of negotiations or defend their bargaining position to employees but not discredit the union or undermine it bargaining right (Dannin 2001). Conclusively, Conflict and litigation are hallmarks of the Nigeria system of labor union recognition, with employers engaging in hostile resistance to both union attempts to gain recognition and where the union eventually succeeds to collectively bargaining. Employer tactics during union recognition campaigns in Nigeria include dismissal restricting union access to employees for communication purposes, while the employer conducts captive audiences speeches with employees (Paul 2009). It highlight to employees the possibility of business closures of other adverse consequences if collective bargaining is mandated, and portraying the potentially negative as part of union involvement, e. g. nvasion of employee’s privacy, or employees being forced into strikes or picket- line violence, strategic litigation by employers, the ineffectiveness of remedies against unfair labor practices and undue influence from the government on collective bargaining are major hindrances facing Nigeria system. However, the level of opposition by Australia employers against collective bargain cannot be compare to that of Nigeria. Apart from few prominent examples, such as, the 1998 waterfront dispute, where Patrick Corporation sacked his entire workforce, lo cked them out and set up new companies to employ a non- unionized workforce (Steve 1998). Anti-union tactics by employers in Australia is not as pronounced as the consistent disagreement between NLC and Nigeria government due to failure of government representatives to fulfilled promises made in respect of wages and employment conditions in the course of bargaining with the worker’s union. Australia good faith bargaining is more advantageous in comparison with the Nigeria collective bargaining in the sense that, free hands are given to both employers and employees and their representatives by Australia government to unanimously negotiate in good faith without external influences. Works Cited Adams, Roy J. The Human Right of Police to Organize and Bargain Collecty. Police Practice Research, 2008. Adewumi, Funmi. Globalization, Labour and the challenge of decent work in Nigeria. Ibadan: University of Ibadan, 2008. Crystal, Shae Mc. The Fair Work Act 2009(cth) and The Right to Strike. Australia Journal of Labour Law, 2009: 23. Dannin, Ellen. Good Faith Bargaining: Direct Dealing and Information Request. New York: The US Experience, 2001. Ekpenyong, S. The challenge of change, Human resources management of tertiary institutions. Port Harcourt: Enahoro amp; Arubayi, 1989. Erugo, Sampson I. Introduction to Nigeria Labour Law. Lagos: Mikky Communication, 1998. Fashoyin, T. Industrial Relation in Nigeria. Lagos: Longman Nigeria, 1992. Joe, Isaac, and Macintyre Stuat. The New Province for Law and Order. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Okafor, E. E. , and Okunade A. S Bode. Introduction to Industrial Relation. Ibadan: Mubak Press, 2005. Paul, Secunda. Toward the Viability of State-Based Legislation. Comparative Labour and Police Journal, 2009: 29-2. Riley, Joellen. Bargaining Fair Work Style: Fault in the Australia Model. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations vol. 37, no. 1 (2012). Roger, Joel. Beyond Exclusive Collective Bargaining. New York: Working USA, 2002. Ronald, McCallum. The Industrial Relation Reform Act. Australian Journal of Labour Law, 1993: 63. Smith, Stephen. Australia Industry Group. Sydney, 2009. Strauss, G. Australia Copied US Emploment Relation Practices. Economic and Labour Relation s Review, 2008. Union, Australia. Union Increase for the first time in 20 years. Workplace Express , 2010.

Virtual Reality and The Revolution In a Learning Experience

Virtual Reality and The Revolution In a Learning Experience Virtual reality (VR) actively gets into the educational system in order to enhance learning outcomes in comparison with traditional face-to-face and online learning activities. So far VRLE (virtual reality learning environment) is very promising in terms of the breakthrough in the studying process. Obviously, like any innovation in the education sphere, such type of learning is hard to accept for some educators, but any actions that potentially can improve learning process should be implemented, no matter how unreal or futuristic they might seem at first. The prospect of VR in an educational sphere Introduction of virtual reality in classrooms is very new and a number of students that use VR tools is not exactly estimated yet; however, new studies claim that by 2025 number of students which use VR for accelerating their studying may reach fifteen million. Some educators argue that VR is closer to entertainment than to education, but it is a known fact that education correctly combined with an entertainment can bring amazing results. The practical issues of using VR at schooling establishments Since the tools for virtual reality learning are not cheap yet, as this is a new trend in an educational field, implementing them might be an issue. However, after more and more students and teachers feel the benefit of using VR for educational purposes, the price tag might not seem so crucial and will be justified by the results. Virtual reality learning in action VR can be used in many fields of study. By some researchers, it is called an empathy tool and can be used for psychology students who via virtual reality can get immersed into the life of those who are, for example, in the heart of the wartime. Biology students can also have a unique experience of observing cells and organs which are not visible to the human eye. For those who study chemistry, it is possible to conduct the experiments without any harm while getting precious knowledge due to the bright visual picture. Astronomy students might get a unique chance to observe celestial bodies of the universe without going into the open space. Benefit of virtual reality for distance learning Studying distantly sometimes brings a feeling of isolation. With VR tools a student can have a tour around the campus and university in order to have a sense of belonging to the community. Users can easily access libraries or even laboratories of famous universities. Undoubtedly, education with the help of virtual reality is potentially very fruitful and effective. At the same time, so far VR is not wide-spread enough, so many educators are skeptical about it. The best solution might be to try using both systems for the utmost benefit of learning. Virtual Reality educating should not substitute traditional ways of learning, but using both educational ways will definitely enhance the results of the studying process.

Developing a Social Media Strategy

Developing a Social Media Strategy Introduction Coca-Cola Company is a manufacturer of soft drinks and has several lines of products with its own sub brands. This company operates globally and currently occupies more than 70% of the soft drinks market share in America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and other continents (Treadaway, 2010). The brand ‘Coca-Cola’ was recently ranked the strongest brand in the world.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Developing a Social Media Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a household name when it comes to refreshments. Coca-Cola, an American firm, has managed to maintain its market lead ahead of its main rival, Pepsi-cola even in the face of the worst economic conditions. Through its many product lines, the main brand has continued to experience a market growth even in countries that had regarded it a symbol of America’s dominance over the world (Kotler, 2003). Social media has increasingly become popular in the world. Technology is moving very fast and with it are several changes in the communication sector. This super brand requires a massive awareness creation not just to its new sub-brands like Dasani, but also the older ones like Fanta. Conventional forms of mass media like newspapers, radios and television are still very vital forms of creating this awareness. However, with emergence of social media like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, communication is getting a new definition. A brand like Coca-cola cannot afford the consequences of assuming such new dynamics. The youths form a substantial portion of the target market for this brand. Statistics has it that well over 85% of youths in America and Europe are using these social Medias, either through their personal computers or through mobile phones. In Asia, 70% are on social media while Africa has 65% on it (Falkow, 2010). The middle-aged group is not left behind. Having realized the importance of social media, C oca-cola has embarked on a massive investment in it (Armstrong, Harker, Kotler Brannan, 2009). On 10 January 2010, the company rolled out an ambitious plan on social media strategy and policy. This policy was to ensure that it reaches out to as many of its customers currently on social media as it possibly could. This policy also saw it reduce its annual expenditure on other mass media by up to 6.6% by March 2010 in order to increase its investment in the social media (Times Business, 2010). All this is aimed at restructuring the company’s marketing strategy to enable the brand stay conspicuous in the market.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competitor Analysis Coca-cola brand has remained strong even in the face of stiff market competition. There are several brands offering similar products as it does across the world, but one brand has managed to caus e Coca-cola a scare in the American and overseas markets. This brand is Pepsi-cola. Started over a century ago, this North American brand has grown to become a darling company to many in the U.S. and other markets overseas. Its sub-brands like Mountain Dew, Sierra Mist, Naked Juice, and Aquafina among others are very strong in the market. Its iced tea, which is ready to drink, is one of the best selling products in North America’s beverage industry. This brand has realized the potential in the emerging social media and has taken well-calculated steps to tap from it. Pepsi Cola Company can easily be accessed through various social Medias. On Facebook, it can be accessed through https://www.facebook.com/pepsi, in Twitter through @pepsi, while on YouTube the link is  https://www.youtube.com/user/Pepsi/Pepsi (Andreasen, 2001). Time Business (2010) reported on Pepsi’s unusual withdrawal from the popular Super Bowl. Over the years, this sport has acted as a form of mass me dia advertisement to many corporations, Pepsi included. However, last year this brand withdrew from it in order to put more focus on social media, arguing that it is long gone, those days when mass media was regarded as the sole form of reaching customers. This company has decided to reach its customers through these social media and this has seen it penetrate some markets that it previously considered too hostile. This approach has worked for it. The presence of Pepsi brand in both the American and overseas markets are currently heavy enough to make it offer its main rival- Coca-cola, a proper challenge (Falkow, 2010). The youth can access the company’s site and get any information they may require about the brands market offerings. In as much as Pepsi has gone to great length in application of social media, there have been some instances when some of its strategies have been considered ineffective. Its departure from the mass media is so sudden, and the approach it gives so cial media is near unrealistic (Evance, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Developing a Social Media Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An initially Brick, Moter, and Moter company like Pepsi cannot apply internet marketing as a near pure marketing strategy for its products. It therefore should reconsider its attitude towards mass marketing. Social Media Objectives Coca Cola’s entry into the social media is motivated by the fact that majority of their target market currently access the internet almost on a daily basis. The interactivity of these social medias also make them the best sites for the customers to get information about the firm, other than the fixed form of communication offered by mass media. This brand had objectives it wanted achieved by this entry as discussed below. Coca-cola wanted to create a large community of evangelists. These individuals have used the brand’s prod uct; and were thrilled by it. By creating accessibility through mass media, these individuals can easily share their experience with others. These evangelists can easily direct others who had not used the product before to the brands site. From this site, others can access their informational needs about the products offered by the brand. The company also wanted to involve customers in their product creation. The social media offers the best way through which the company and the customers can interact in an effort to creating products, which are to the expectations of the market. Another objective was to increase brand awareness. These social sites offer the best opportunity for a company to create awareness to its new sub-brands. Customers access these sites almost on a daily basis. By reaching out for them through these sites, the brand is able to conquer larger markets at a faster pace. Dasani, a relatively new sub-brand, can gain awareness in the market by use of social media li ke You Tube whose membership runs to millions. Lastly, this brand was motivated by the desire to increase its sales volume. Through the social media, the brands sales volume could be increased by maintaining a positive image with its customers. The company can ensure that the customer is constantly informed about the brand and any misconceptions are ironed out immediately they arise.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main objective of coca-cola company is to be the preferred market provider of soft drinks in the American and overseas markets. The above-mentioned brand objectives in developing social media strategy align well with this objective as they try to assert the brands presence in the market. Platforms Coca-cola brand is already known in the market. It therefore requires a platform that is efficient and effective. The platform should also be relevant. One platform that will be appropriate in this case will be Facebook. This platform offers a large community through which, this brand can reach the customers. Currently Facebook hosts over 4 million users across the world (Treadaway, 2010). By introducing this brand as a community member, we are able to conquer the market that is already consuming this social media. Most of those accessing this site do it to communicate with friends for pleasure. Coca Cola’s brand should therefore be positioned as a product for pleasure so that i t fits in this context. With the company’s profile in this community, we can send and receive custom-made communications from Coca Cola’s ‘friends’ across the world. This strategy enables the customers to be in position to deliver to us a personalized communication about Coca Cola’s brand. The approach creates the sense of belonging among customers. It develops an attachment, as the customer will feel that they are part of the firm, and the brand is their property that should be developed. This strategy also enables the firm to send direct communications to the members of the community about new developments in the products without their message being regarded as spam. In this platform, the firm would create a forum where individuals from across the world are free to discuss with the firm about their feelings over the company’s brand offering. They can tell the firm of the adjustments they feel should be made in the products or even the prici ng strategy. Another platform is twitter. Created in March 2006, this social network currently serves over 200 million users. As compared to Facebook, Twitter has received a lesser attention from many of firms seeking social media marketing. This means that it has a vast potential that is untapped. With the growth projected to be double its current size by the end of 2013, Coca Cola’s brand can make an early entry so that it secures its place and experience growth as it expands. Like Facebook, Twitter has gained acceptance from across the world. With its features that enable users to send and receive messages via their mobile phones or through twitter websites, twitter has gained fame at a pace that even the technology author, Steven Johnson had not predicted. It is currently ranked third most visited social media. The brand can develop a niche in this market and position itself as the brand that understands the requirement of its customers. Unlike Twitter, that has majority of its users as youths, older society members’ access twitter. This brings up an opportunity for the brand to reach out to the market segment that was left out by Facebook. Moreover, the communication in this media can be custom made to attract the aged. We can bring out the refreshing aspect of black current sub-brand, or the healthy mineral water- Dasani. The other platform that could work for Coca-Cola is the You Tube. This social media is rated second most visited, only after Facebook. Engagement Plan The main aim of developing this strategy is to develop sustainability for Coca Cola’s brand. The customer is the focus and increased sales the company’s main target. For this reason therefore, customers must be actively engaged in order to achieve the most out of this strategy. The main advantage of social media over the conventional mass media is that it facilitates interactivity. By joining a community like twitter, this brand is open to criticism from custom ers that will enable it adjust its products appropriately. They can also respond to some criticism that may be misguided by providing the right information to the market. By engaging search engines like Flikr or Google, the firm allows customers to access information about the brand in real time. This will require that the company provide such engines with as much information as may be necessary so that customers will access them. Coca Cola seeks to create a forum where all stakeholders can easily interact with one another with the aim of fostering interactive community. Members in this community can only work properly if they are able to communicate freely with each other. Consumers make a very important part of a company. The Coca-cola brand needs to know the requirements in the market in order to fine-tune its products (Jarboe, 2009). When management assumes this approach, there will be a direct positive relation in the sales volume. According to Klein (2009), customers must be i nvolved in the implementation of key strategies so that the outcome will be acceptable in the market. He argues that customers’ opinion is should be taken care of in order to create harmony in the market. Challenges and Considerations The strategy to give marketing an approach from social media was timely and well calculated. The brand has managed to double its market share in countries such as Israel and Comoros Island, regions where sales were not very attractive. However, this has not been without challenges. Some of the major challenges faced in the implementation of this strategy are as follows. Freedom found in the social media: This factor is a double aged sword. On one end, it helps the brand get first hand information about their feeling towards our product without any editing. On the other end, it allows individuals say anything about the brand, some of which may hurt our sales. A competitor can therefore take advantage of this and spread negative communication abou t us. This message will spread so fast that by the time we are able to respond, it would be a little too late. This freedom to communicate to us about their feeling on our brand positioning can also be abused. Coca Cola relies on this communication in order to come up with a marketing strategy that is acceptable in the market. If this information is misleading- which may be the case- then the company’s actions in the market may be counterproductive. The company’s team must therefore screen the information and eliminate any issues that may mislead the applied marketing team (Andreasen, 2001). Social media is not all-inclusive: A market segment that is left out which comprises the elderly. This group is not enthusiastic about the wonders brought by technology. Another group not covered by the social media is the rural dwellers, especially in the rural set-up. They make a substantial portion of the market and for the prosperity of our brand; we cannot afford to assume the m. This calls for application of other means like the mass media, which comes at an extra cost (Kurtz, 2008). Another serious challenge we face by application of this strategy is the fact that many people still regard social media as a preserve for youths who are lazy and use these sites to pass time the easy way. They do not appreciate the potential posed by the social media and therefore any communication made through them draws not, their attention. They believe that such communication is targeted at such youths and they will therefore assume them. For them, a company like Coca-cola should consider other ‘serious’ means in order to communicate with them. This sends us back to mass media where this market segment can be accessed. Another challenge with the social media the firm integrated into the marketing strategy was content limitation. These social media have character limitation. Twitter can only accommodate 144 characters, and this means that our messages will b e limited to that. The graphics that are very important in marketing may also be applied as easily as it would be in mass media. This limitation forces the marketing department to look for alternative means so that the right message reaches the market. Hackers pose another serious challenge. They can access our wall in these social media and post information that damages our public image. The technical team must therefore keep an eye on such possible threats (Thomases, 2010). Timeline This strategy is expected to take a period of three months. Within this time, the strategy should be up and running as part of Coca-Cola’s marketing strategy. The first one and a half month should see the introduction into and successful operation in the Facebook. Being the largest social media and our first choice, the firm will give it the longest period. Within this period, the firm will create our profile, develop our wall in Facebook, and test the responsiveness of the market. Through this, the firm will be able to adjust as may be necessary. The second platform, twitter will take three weeks and will follow the steps that were used in the first platform, and lastly you tube will come in the last three weeks. Within this timeline, the firm hopes to achieve an effective social media strategy. Conclusion Social media has developed over the past few years and this growth is expected to continue for several years to come. With this new development, marketers around the world must redefine their marketing strategy and give a new approach to the manner in which they reach their target market. This calls for a development of a Social Media Strategy that would enable brands like Coca-cola to tap from the massive potential offered in the social media. Coca-cola has realized this and developed the strategy discussed in this paper so that it can successfully reach its customers. This strategy allows the marketing department interacts actively with the market so that its approach is customer based. Through this, the marketing department is able to advice both the production and the quality control departments of what is expected of them so that their products are to the expectations of the market. This way, the brand will experience growth in its market share not just in the American markets but also markets abroad. Social media offers this brand opportunity to remain conspicuous in the market. References Andreasen, A. (2001). Ethics in social marketing. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Armstrong, G., Harker, M., Kotler, P. Brannan, R. (2009). Marketing: An introduction. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall. Evance, D. (2010). Social media marketing: An hour a day. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc. Falkow, S. (2010). Social media strategy. New York, NY: Expansion Plus Inc. Jarboe, G. (2009). YouTube and video marketing: An hour a day. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishers Inc. Klein, H. (2009). Customer engagement strategies: The three k eys to engaging C-suite executives. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing insights from A-Z: 80 concepts for every manager. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Kurtz, D. (2008). Contemporary marketing: Designing customer oriented marketing strategy. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Thomases, H. (2010). Twitter marketing: An hour a day. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc. Time Business. (2010). Behind Pepsis choice to skip this years super bowl. Web. Treadaway, C. (2010). Facebook marketing: An hour a day. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishers, Inc.

Google and Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Google and Microsoft - Essay Example A number of internet-based products and services have been initiated and developed by Google and it earns most of its profits from advertising through its program known as AdWords. Microsoft: This renowned name in computing is again an American multinational corporation which specializes in initiating, developing, manufacturing, licensing and also supporting an unending range of products and services pertaining mainly to computing through its various product divisions. Leading products and/or services Google: AdWords for advertising based auctions at real-time basis, AdSense program senses and enables web sites to deliver customers’ ads from AdWords, Gmail, Orkut, Google Display, DoubleClick Ad Exchange used as a real-time auction market place for trading of display space for ads and Youtube which provides video and other interactive mediums for advertisers. Microsoft: Windows and Windows Live Division Segment which offers mainly PC operating systems including Windows 7 and Wi ndows Vista, Microsoft’s Server and Tools segment proffers mainly windows server operating system and product support services, Online Services Division Segment provides online information and content using Bing, MSN Portals, and others, Microsoft Business Division Segment offers Microsoft Office and other related products and Entertainment and Devices Division serves Xbox 360 entertainment platform including a whole lot of entertainment resources. Management/Leadership Style Google: This Company has a normal hierarchical structure and organized in the form of ‘bottoms up’ from the angle of creativity of product and ‘tops down’ from going on with the financials, the quarter and other aspects. Disagreements are encouraged along with large group conversation and in discussions, both sides of the mark are motivated and expected as well. Decision making does not involve hierarchy. Microsoft: The management style here is quite culture oriented, creating a nd nurturing the correct culture and relax and feel at home are two of the practices at Microsoft Corporation. Developing a clear vision, pegging to it and working hard on it is essential. Hiring of action-oriented employees is being practiced and protecting the corporate image along with ruthlessly controlling budgets form some aspects of the company’s management style. Innovation Track Record As Microsoft is quite older a company than Google, its innovation has elevated by leaps and bounds throughout its operations. But Google has proved its development and performance in a smaller time frame. Google has a policy for employees to spend 80% of their time on core projects and operations and the rest, 20% or one day a week on activities pertaining to innovation that induce their personal interests and passions. Google has created various creative internet search softwares and the Google search engine is the leader in search engines and is better than Microsoft’s Bing. I ts products such as AdSense and AdWords have shunned everyone especially in the advertising sector all over the globe; Gmail is now used and favored by a considerable lot of people. This shows that Google has focused more on the consumer side which needs more innovation for satisfaction. Microsoft has worked mainly on sophisticated softwares related mainly to